An analysis between implied and realised volatility in the Greek Derivatives Market

In this article, we examine the relationship between implied and realised volatility in the Greek derivative market. We examine the differences between realised volatility and implied volatility of call and put options for at-the-money index options with a two-month expiration period. The findings provide evidence that implied volatility is not an efficient estimate of realised volatility. Implied volatility creates overpricing, for both call and put options, in the Greek market. This is an indication of inefficiency for the market. In addition, we find evidence that realised volatility ‘Granger causes’ implied volatility for call options, and implied volatility of call options ‘Granger causes’, the implied volatility of put option

Religious Syncretism in Africa: Toward an Enduring Solution

Since the advent of Christianity and Islam, many Africans have become, at least nominally, monotheists. However, the story is more complicated. This paper is aimed at understanding the relationship between Christianity, traditional religious practices, and culture in Africa and positing an ethical response. After reviewing religious plurality from the perspective of cultural anthropology, I will argue that the solution is inculturation, as presented in both Catholic Social Teaching and the works of African scholars of culture and religion. Inculturation represents a promising path forward for the conversation on religious syncretism in Africa